8^th Global Ophthalmology Meeting July 18-19, 2016 Chicago, Illinois ,USA

Ophthalmology practice is very varied, dealing with medical issues such intra-ocular inflammation, raised eye pressure and neurological problems

The retina is a thin layer of tissue on the inside back wall of your eye. It contains millions of light-sensitive cells and other nerve cells that receive and organize visual information. Your retina sends this information to your brain through your optic nerve, enabling you to see. Retinal degenerative disorders such as Age-related macular degeneration and Myopic macular degeneration affecting young and old from many cultures, races and ethnicities. The central area of the retina contains a high density of color-sensitive photoreceptor cells called cones which are responsible for color vision and hence any defect and alteration in the central area of the retina will lead to Color vision defects. On the other hand diseases like Diabetic retinopathy and Retinal tumors can also be responsible for the permanent vision loss if it is not treated on time.

Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy that affects more than 50 million people and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The role of intra ocular pressure (IOP) has been well documented as a major modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Additionally, many glaucoma patients have a relatively low IOP, while some healthy individuals have a relatively high IOP. The disorders can be roughly divided into two main categories, open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. Impaired ocular blood flow regulation in open angle glaucoma as a risk of glaucoma has also been well established, especially over the past two decades.

Eye diseases are caused due to many reasons. Many eye diseases have no early symptoms. They may be painless, and you may see no change in your vision until the disease has become quite advanced. The single best way to protect your vision is through regular professional eye examinations. Of course, between examinations, if you notice a change in your vision – or you think your eye may be injured in any way – contact your eye care professional immediately. Some eye problems are minor and don't last long. But some can lead to a permanent loss of vision. To prevent all such problems of eye our ophthalmologists carry many researchers and discuss with Ophthalmology associations by conducting meetings like Ophthalmology conferences, American ophthalmology conferences, World Ophthalmology conferences etc. 

Neuro-ophthalmology is the incorporation of neurology and ophthalmology, often dealing with complex systemic diseases that have manifestations in the visual system. Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) includes all visual dysfunctions caused by damage to, or malfunctioning of, the retrochiasmatic visual pathways in the absence of damage to the anterior visual pathways or any major ocular disease.

Eye is composed of very sensitive and fragile tissues and every part of an eye serves its own function to maintain its normal vision. The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. The cornea, with the anterior chamber and lens, refracts light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power.

When light enters the eye it is bent, or refracted, by the cornea and the focal point is the back of the eye. If the shape of the eye, the shape of the cornea, or the condition of the lens causes the light to refract improperly so that it does not focus on the back of the eye as it should, the condition is called a Refractive Disorder. Refractive Disorders are among the most common vision problems.

Optometry and Vision Science is a study which combines both optometry and vision. Optometry is a healthcare profession concerned with the eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans. Vision science is the scientific study of vision. Vision science overlaps with or encompasses disciplines such as ophthalmology and optometry. Optometrists are trained to prescribe and fit lenses to improve vision, and in some countries are trained to diagnose and treat various eye diseases. Optometrists in the United States are doctors of optometry who function as primary eye care providers in association with American Association of Ophthalmology. While optometrists traditionally specialize in refractive vision correction through eyeglasses and contact lenses, the practice of optometry has now developed significant overlap with general ophthalmology, the branch of medicine involving the health of the eyes and visual system.

Eye floaters are small moving spots that appear in your field of vision. They may be especially noticeable when you look at something bright, such as white paper or a blue sky. Eye floaters can be annoying, but they generally don't interfere with your sight. Occasionally a particularly large eye floater may cast a subtle shadow over your vision. But this tends to occur only in certain types of light. Most of the time people learn to live with eye floaters and ignore them. And they often become less noticeable over months to years. Only rarely do benign eye floaters become bothersome enough to consider treatment. But sometimes eye floaters are a sign of a more serious condition. You should seek immediate medical attention if you notice a sudden increase in the number of eye floaters.

Veterinary ophthalmology is a branch of ophthalmology which deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals.

Ophthalmology career and training is a program that has been designed to prepare students for a career assisting ophthalmologists (medical eye doctors and surgeons), and to enhance the knowledge and skills of those already employed in the field of ophthalmic medical assisting. This ophthalmology training program helps students and many young researchers to get trained & practicing the sub- specialties of  ophthalmology and get certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology. Upon graduation from the program, students are immediately eligible for employment with individual or group private offices, hospital ophthalmology practices. Dependent upon the student’s background prior to entering our course they may be eligible for employment with ophthalmic research opportunities, pharmaceutical companies or ophthalmic diagnostic instrumentation.

Optometrists are the most common source of vision care in the U.S. health care system. They are responsible for examining patients, diagnosing eye and vision problems, testing patients' depth and color perception, and testing patients' ability to coordinate and focus their eyes. Optometrists also prescribe contact lenses and glasses, treat eye problems like glaucoma, refer patients to other doctors, and also are often in charge of managing personnel and office affairs. Before graduating, students must complete clinical rotations and internships. The prerequisites for an optometry doctoral program include a bachelor's degree and completion of the Optometry Admission Test given by the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry. Students should make sure that they complete courses in biology, calculus, laboratory science, physiology and chemistry.